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LEGEND:
- Wildlife: provides food and/or shelter
- Buffers: for streamside, riparian areas
- Ornamental: attractive, decorative plant
- Sun: Sun
- PS: Partial shade
- FS: Full shade
- W: Moisture
- M: Moderate moisture
- D: Drought tolerant
- Planting regions: all (piedmont, coastal, mountains), m/p (mountains/piedmont), p/c
(piedmont/coastal), c (coastal), m (mountains)
Environmentally-healthy designs you
can implement into your own yard:
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BayScape's Beneficial Plants
This beneficial plant list is a guide to help you install
your BayScapes landscape plan. There are many more native plants that are suitable for
BayScaping. Be careful to avoid invasive plants. Consult native plant lists for your
region ( piedmont, coastal, mountains) or your local nursery or cooperative extension
agent for additional plants that may fit into your landscape.
LARGE TREES:
- Red maple, Acer rubrum, all, 75-100’ tall, red bloom,
sun-ps, w-d, wildlife, buffer.
- River birch, Betula nigra, p/c, 50-75’ tall, catkin
flower, ps-fs, w-m, wildlife, buffer, ornamental
- Red or green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, p/c, 50-75’
tall, sun, m, buffer
- Sweet gum, Liquidambar styraciflua, p/c, 50-75’ tall,
ornamental capsule, sun, m-w, wildlife ornamental
- Tulip tree, Liriodendron tulipifera, all, 75-100’ tall,
yellow-green bloom, sun, d-m, buffer ornamental
- Black gum, Nyssa sylvatica, all, 50-75’ tall, sun-ps,
d, ornamental, high wildlife
- White oak, Quercus alba, all, 75-100’ tall, acorn
fruit, sun, d-m, very high wildlife
SMALL TREE/LARGE SHRUB:
- Shadblow serviceberry, Amelanchier canadensis, all,
20-30’ tall, deep black, edible fruit, sun-ps, d-m, very high wildlife, buffer
- Eastern redbud, Cercis canadensis, m/p, 20-30’ tall,
pinkish bloom, sun-fs, d-m, ornamental
- Flowering dogwood, Cornus florida, all, 10-30’ tall,
white bloom/scarlet berries, ps, d-m, wildlife, ornamental
- Winterberry holly, Ilex verticillata, all, 6-12’ tall,
red-berried fruit, ps, m-w, wildlife, ornamental
- Witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana, all, 20-35’ tall,
yellow fall bloom, sun-ps, d, ornamental, borders
- Northern bayberry, Myrica pensylvanica, p/c, 6-12’
tall, waxy gray fruit, ps, d-w, high widlife
- Common elder, Sambucus canadensis, all, 6-12’ tall,
white bloom/purple fruit, sun-fs, d-w, very high wildlife
- Highbush blueberry, Vaccinum corymbosum, all-acid soil,
3-10’ tall, dark blue fruit, sun-fs, d-m, high wildlife, ornamental
- Southern arrowwood, Viburnum dentatum, p/c, 6-12’ tall,
bluish-black fruit, sun-fs, m-w, wildlife, buffer, ornamental
EVERGREEN TREE/SHRUB:
- American holly, Ilex opaca, c, 30-50’ tall, red berry,
sun-ps, m, cover, high wildlife, ornamental
- Common juniper, Juniperus communis, all, 2-30’ tall,
blue-black berry, sun, d, cover, high wildlife
- Eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana, p/c, 50-75’
tall, blue-green berry, sun, d, very high wildlife
- Eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, m/p, 75-100’ tall,
five-needled bundle, sun, d, high wildlife, buffer
SMALL SHRUB:
- Bearberry, Arctostaphlos urva-ursi, m/p, 1’ tall, red
berries, ps, d, ornamental
- Fothergilla, Forthergilla gardenii, all, 3-5’ tall,
white bottlebrush flowers, sun-fs, m-w, ornamental
- Inkberry holly, Ilex glabra Shamrock, all, 4-6’ tall,
black berry, ps, d-w, evergreen, cover
- Compact Oregon grapeholly, Mahonia aquifolium Compacta, all
2-3’ tall, yellow flower, blue berry, ps-fs, m-w, evergreen, ornamental
- Pinxterbloom azalea, Rhododendron periclymenoides, m-acid
soil, 6’ tall, pink bloom, ps, m-w, ornamental
PERENNIAL:
- Wild columbine, Aquilegia canadensis, all, 8-24’’
tall, red/yellow flowers, sun-fs, d-m, wildlife ornamental
- Swamp milkweed, Asclepias incarnata, all, 2-5’ tall,
pink-red flowers, sun-fs, m-w, wildlife, buffer
- Butterfly weed, Asclepias tuberosa, all, 1-3’ tall,
yellow/red flowers, sun, d, wildlife, ornamental
- New England aster, Aster novae-angliae, all, 3-4’ tall,
pink/violet flowers, sun, m, wildlife, ornamental
- Tickseed, Coreopsis verticillata, all, 1’ tall, yellow
flowers, fs, d-m, long-flowering ornamental
- Wild bleeding heart, Dicentra eximia, m/p, 8-12" tall,
pink flowers, ps-fs, m, ornamental
- Purple coneflower, Echinacea purpurea, all, 2-3’ tall,
pink flower/seed heads, sun, d, wildlife, ornamental
- Mistflower, Eupatorium colestinum, all, 3-4’ tall,
violet-blue flowers, fs, m-w, wildlife, buffer, ornamental
- Joe-Pye weed, Eupatorium fistulosum, all, 5-10’ tall,
pink-purple flowers, sun, m-w, wildlife, buffer, ornamental
- Wild geranium, Geranium maculatum, m/p, 1-2’ tall,
rose-purple flowers, sun, m, ornamental
- Gayfeather, Liatris spicata, all, 2’ tall, purple
flower spikes, sun, d, ornamental wildlife
- Black-eyed Susan, Rudbeckia fulgida, all, 2-3’ tall,
yellow flowers, sun, d, wildlife, buffer, ornamental
- Goldenrod, Solidago rugosa, all, 2-7’ tall, yellow
flowers, sun-ps, d-m, wildlife, buffer
- New York ironweed, Vernonia noveboracensis, all, up to
7’ tall, deep purple flowers, sun, m-w, wildlife, buffer, ornamental
GROUNDCOVER:
- Green and gold, Chrysogonum virginianum, all, 4-12"
tall, yellow-green flowers, ps-fs, m, ornamental
- Woodland phlox, Phlox divaricata, m/p, 6-18" tall, blue
flowers, semi-evergreen, ps, m, wildlife, ornamental
- Creeping phlox, Phlox stolonifera, all, 3-4" tall,
semi-evergreen, sun-ps, m, ornamental
- Sensitive fern, Onoclea sensibilis, alll, 18-24" tall,
dried brown spore-stalks, ps-fs, m-w, ornamental
- Foamflower, Tiarella cordifolia, m/p, 6" tall, white
flower, ps, m-w, ornamental
GRASS:
- Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, all, 3-5’ tall, seeds,
sun, d, wildlife, ornamental
- Little bluestem, Schizachyrium scoparium, all, up to 3’
tall, seeds, sun, d, wildlife, ornamental
- Indian grass, Sorghastrum nutans, all, 5-6’ tall,
seeds, sun, d-m, wildlife, ornamental
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